The Behavioral Impact of Drinking and Driving Laws by Bertelli and Rich

A few years ago, my family and I had a drunk driver crash through our front yard. This person tore up grass, destroyed pine tree, and broke numerous lawn ornaments. Less than twenty minutes before this drunk driver went through our yard, my mom and I had been walking our dogs, and if the drunk driver had gone through any earlier, my mom and I both would have been hit. This driver also destroyed a garbage barrel, and almost slammed into an electrical pole. In a way, the drunk driver had been lucky when he went through our yard, especially when we had just taken a gigantic walnut tree out of our yard two or three years prior. The driver also had two passengers with him, a woman, and a small child. The child passenger had been unbuckled, and amazingly, was not thrown from the rear of the vehicle. After going through our yard, the drunk driver had oil leaking from his car, at least two flat tires, and damage to the front of his car. Eventually, the drunk driver was caught by the police, and placed in jail. The insurance company that represents my family assessed the damage done, and said that the total cost of the damage would equal almost two thousand dollars. The driver was only required to pay my family three hundred dollars and nothing more than this amount. After receiving this amount, my family and I never heard anything else about the driver who had destroyed our yard, and have not received any other dollar amount since that incident. Looking back on this, I wonder if there is anything that allows a drunk driver to be sued for destroying a person’s property. In the article, The Behavioral Impact of Drinking and Driving Laws by Bertelli and Richardson Jr. (2008), the authors make the statement that driving under the... ...Policy Studies Journal, 36(4), 545-569. doi:10.1111/j.1541-0072.2008.00283.x Carpenter, C. (2004). How do Zero Tolerance Drunk Driving Laws work? Journal of Health Economics, 23(1), 61-83. doi:10.1016/j.jhealeco.2003.08.005 Chang, K., Wu, C., & Ying, Y. (2012). The effectiveness of alcohol control policies on alcohol-related traffic fatalities in the United States. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 45, 406-415. doi:10.1016/j.aap.2011.08.008 Cismaru, M., Lavack, A. M., & Markewich, E. (2009). Social marketing campaigns aimed at preventing drunk driving : A review and recommendations. International Marketing Review, 26(3), 292-311. doi:10.1108/02651330910960799 Voas, R. B., Romano, E., & Peck, R. (2009). Validity of surrogate measures of alcohol involvement when applied to nonfatal crashes. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 41(3), 522-530. doi:10.1016/j.aap.2009.02.004

Architecture Of The 20th Century Architecture Essay

While discoursing the topic of architecture of the twentieth century, the treatment is uncomplete without a particular reference of Robert Venturi. The adult male started his life in Philadelphia on 25th June, 1925 he went on to go one of the most prevailing names in American architecture. The information on Venturi includes a particular reference of his married woman Denise Scott Brown. 1960 was the twelvemonth they foremost meet, got married in 1967 they have ever been together of all time since. This hubby and married woman squad did singular work in the part of architecture, establishing themselves with their joint venture better recognized as Venturi, Scott Brown & A ; Associates ( VSBA ) . â€Å" Architecture steeped in popular symbolism. Kitsch had become art in designs which exaggerate or stylise cultural icons. † [ 1 ] Some of the most of import design schemes adopted by Brown were ‘theory is non the regulation of pollex ‘ , ‘learn to copy ‘ , ‘drawing-a must hold ‘ , ‘ideation is changeless ‘ etc. Harmonizing to Robert and Denise, theory is non the regulation of pollex. While most designers glued to theory when it comes to be aftering designs, Robert Venturi and Denise Scotte Brown thought the opposite manner. Harmonizing to them plan procedure should non be dominated by the theory. This was despite the fact that both of them were good known theorists. Venturi even went on to state that â€Å" the creative person is non person who designs in order to turn out his or her theory and surely non to accommodate an political orientation † [ 2 ] While most of the designers followed the doctrine of non copying, Venturi and Brown had a different point of position here excessively. They believed that they could larn more by copying the plants of the Masterss. As Venturi right puts Forth, â€Å" It is better to be good than to be original. † [ 3 ] But, this in no manner meant a complete imitation. To this, Denise Scott Brown makes it clear that they copy ideology that they copy political orientations. The couple merely took copying to the extent of pulling inspiration. Their inspiration was a base to develop farther designs. Venturi says, â€Å" You have to hold something basic that you either construct on or germinate from or revolt against. You have to hold something at that place in the first topographic point and the lone manner to acquire it is to copy, in a good sense of the word. â€Å" [ 3 ] One, of co urse, needs to possess certain accomplishments to go forth a grade the field of architecture. Harmonizing to Robert and Denise, pulling was the most indispensable 1. Mentioning to the accomplishment as a installation between manus and head, Denise Scott Brown besides said that it was indispensable for interior decorators to get the hang pulling in order to win. She believed that it frequently happened that the manus draws something, which the head interprets in a different manner and you draw a whole new thought from it. In an epoch where everyone thought that script has a small significance as everything can be done utilizing specially designed package, the couple has its statements ready. â€Å" Peoples who can pull really good and who control line weight good in manus technique are the 1s who use the computing machine imaginatively, † [ 4 ] they asserted. Who says that you need to sit down in a board room to imagine? Well, non Venturi at least. In his sentiment ideation can non be bound by topographic point or clip ; he believed that one could imagine anytime and anyplace, even while speaking. Venturi alleged â€Å" that even while speaking one all of a sudden sees something else out of the corner of their oculus and they think of something they would n't hold done otherwise. He besides opined that you ideate more while working on other undertakings and averred the thought merely comes after great battle and torment. â€Å" [ 5 ] Some of the of import edifices built by the couple are – The Vanna Venturi House, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in 1962, Brant House in Greenwich, Connecticut in 1973, Gordon Wu Hall in Princeton, New Jersey in 1983, Bank edifice in Celebration in Florida in 1994 and many more. Since mid 1960s Robert and Denise greatly altered the landscape of the American Architectural thought their procedures and patterns with their design schemes. Robert Venturi ‘s book ‘Complexity and Contradiction in ArchitectureA became a uniting point for budding designers around the Earth who had become misanthropic with the stylistic limitations of the International Style as a consequence of which the book provided a pronunciamento for the Post-Modern motion in architecture. Followed by this out of his instructions at Yale came his 1972 bookA Learning from Las Vegas which was A co-authored by Steven Izenour and Denise Scott Brown. The architectural universe was one time once more astonished by this work. The the gaudy and the sign-filled Vegas strip was transformed from being an architectural aberrance to a common art signifier which deserve serious survey. Venturi felt that the Decorated Shed and assorted other types of wayside edifices offered design lessons that coul d non be left accompanied, an † he argued that designers require to confront the world and typify the popularly built environment with edifices matching to that environment. â€Å" [ 6 ] â€Å" KitschA is reflected as a signifier of art that is deficient and is a tastelessA transcript of an a complementary manner of art or is a nugatory reproduction of art of recognized value. â€Å" [ 7 ] A The deliberate usage of elements that may be considered asA cultural icons is what this construct is related to â€Å" KitschA can besides be defined as the genres of art that aesthetically lack whether or non being theatrical, sentimental, glamourous, or originative and that make originative gestures which merely reflect the superficial visual aspects of art by agencies of perennial conventions and expression. This term is frequently associated with excessiveA mawkishness. † [ 8 ] The outgrowth ofA postmodernismA in the 1980s, blurred the boundary lines between kitsch and high art yet once more. The blessing of what is called campA gustatory sensation – which may be related to, but is non the same as cantonment when used as a homosexual esthesia was one development. An unreal or an false illustration from the universe of painting would be a kitsch image of a cervid by a lake. In doing cantonment, puffing a mark beside it, stating No Swimming. The olympian or romantic perceptual experience of a baronial animate being would be punctured by wit ; the construct of an carnal having a a punishment for the breach of the regulation is out justly farcical. The aboriginal, brooding mawkishness of the motive is neutralized, and therefore, it becomes cantonment. A few things that posed as interesting challenges were the conceptual artA and deconstruction, because, speaking of kitsch, in favor of elements that enter it by associating to other domains of life they downplayed the formal construction of the graphics. Inspite of this fact, many in the art universe continue to latch onto some sense of the duality between art and kitsch, excepting all sentimental andA realisticA art from being considered earnestly. This has come under the scanner of the critics, who now argue for a renewed art and nonliteral picture, without the concern for it looking advanced or new. Whatever may be the scenario, there is trouble in specifying boundaries between kitsch and all right art since the beginning of postmodernism, the word kitsch is normally used to label anything seen as being in hapless gustatory sensation still. This postmodern architecture influenced by Venturi was further prejudiced by many designers like Philip Johnson and Robert A.M Stern. When speaking about American architecture, there is no manner one can lose out on Philip Johnson. One of the most noteworthy and celebrated American designers, he was the victor of the first ‘Pritzker Architecture Prize ‘ . For set uping the Department of Architecture and Design at the Museum of Modern Art, New York is credited to him. Philip was born in 1906 in Cleveland. He played a critical function in making and understanding the urban skyscrapers through America. Johnson was an advocator of simple manner and therefore he played a important function in beef uping the minimalist tendency. The work of assorted modern designers, including Mies van der Rohe, Walter Gropius and Le Corbusier was comprehensively supported by Johnson. He was a co-author of the popular book, ‘The International Style ‘ . The techniques of the Bauhaus were introduced to America by this book. By the clip Johnson reached the age of thirtiess he was discontented with his function of an writer and conservator. So he studied under the designer Marcel Breuer at The Graduate School of Design. Johnson designed his ain place in New Canaan, Connecticut shortly after his graduation. His first architectural work, his house is considered one of his most singular plants. The house was a glass house and featured an exposed steel frame. Johnson continued with his architectural pursuit and went on to plan legion public edifices and houses after his ain house. Johnson designed some of his well-known plants, notably the Seagram Building in New York City during this clip. Johnson had a more divine than individualistic stretch with architecture ab initio. His initial work carried a strong bear grade of Mies van der Rohe. However, an individualistic touch could be seen in his work by 1960 ‘s. Infused with historical elements, his manner of architecture showcased how one could aesthetically integrate domes and colonnades in a edifice. He created some of his most monumental plants of his life merely after he discovered his individualistic architectural sense. Some of these include the Sheldon Art Gallery at the University of Nebraska, the New York State Pavilion at the World ‘s Fair and the New York State Theater in New York City. By the 1970s and 1980s, he began experimenting with the texture and colour of the outside of his creative activities at big though he was still stuck with his original manner of architecture. Today in his 1890ss, Johnson is considered as one of the last modern designers that we have. With a tally of about 70 old ages in the field of architecture, he has certainly carved his niche and will go on to animate many designers in the times to come. Another popular name in American architecture is of Robert Arthur Morton Stern, besides known as Robert A.M. Stern. He is an American designer and soon the Dean of Yale University School of Architecture. His work is normally described as postmodern. However, a ruling accent on continuity of tradition in his work is witnessed which can non be ruled out. No admiration, he late used the phrase ‘modern diehard ‘ to depict his work. As a interior decorator in the office of Richard Meier he started his calling in 1966. But he shortly quit from his occupation and established his ain house, ‘Stern and Hagmann ‘ in 1969. He formed the house with a fellow pupil at the Yale University named John S. Hagmann. This was followed by the constitution of the replacement house, ‘Robert A.M. Stern Architects ‘ , a name still really popular in American architecture. He has a wide portfolio to his recognition when speaking about his work. Some of his more noteworthy undertakings in the public sphere include Lakewood Public Library in Lakewood, Ohio, the chief library in Columbus, Federal Reserve Bank in Atlanta and many more. Stern was besides a noteworthy writer apart from being a successful designer. He has authored New York 1880, New York 1960, and New York 2000- a series that paperss the development and history of the architecture of New York City. This postmodern architecture has his roots deep in the past, as is apparent from his work. His edifices showcase a deep fondness for the yesteryear. His most noteworthy undertaking with The Walt Disney Company reiterates the same. He served the company in the place of Board of Director for the term of office 1992-2003. His boardwalk at Disney World is implicative of an American seaboard small town from the early twentieth century. You will be reminded of how architecture has evolved from Victorian to the Vienna Secessionist motion while you have a expression at his edifices. The mini small town beautified with artefacts from assorted epochs, though non precisely historical, comes across as a dream like walk. And non to bury the Beach nine, that reflects the nineteenth century American Resort architecture in its true signifier. With a immense pool of work and a design doctrine that combined the best of modernism and tradition, Stern is surely non a name to be forgotten in the architectural kingdom. Though his wide skyline of work is a effort in itself, he has several other accomplishments to his recognition every bit good. A Driehaus Prize laureate, he went on to win several awards. In the twelvemonth 1984, he was awarded with the AIA New York Chapter ‘s Medal of Honor. He was besides conferred the Chapter ‘s President ‘s Award in 2001.A He besides has to his recognition the Scully Prize from the National Building Museum, Athena Award from the Congress for the New Urbanism and the Board of Directors ‘ Honor from the Institute of Classical Architecture and Classical America. â€Å" Since long and even now Philip ‘s designs in PoMo manner reveal a decent to the degree of kitsch that appears lest cantonment in its motive than merely and unmitigately inexpensive in its consequence † [ 9 ] . In the aesthetic plan of Robert Venturi kitsch and the country of mundane civilization was used. But at the same clip in his artistic designs, he by and large elevated them. In the circle of designers â€Å" Robert Venturi an Robert A M Stern, the so called Greys Designers whose work used the intercrossed civilization parlances of American twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours life as get downing points of their new artistic way including kitsch and dad. † [ 10 ] Thus Robert Venturi, Philip and Robert A M Stern are three showy modern designers whose part to architecture hold a made a difference to the architectural universe.

Building an Ethical Organization Essay

When building an organization the main focus will be to help the public with specific needs. We will have to build the business on ethics and human service laws. The main goal is to help those in need and do this with respect and caring. There are many ways to run an organization and we need to choose the right services to meet the needs in the community we serve. The organization is for the help for people living with Alzheimer’s and the people that love them. We will be there to offer services for the person suffering from the disease and their families. The services offered will be assistance at home, a live in if necessary, counseling for the family, and client, and a residential home. Services include shopping, sitting when a day out might be needed. We will offer a class to help the family understand the disease and its progression, and have group counseling to help them support each other. This is a not for profit organization. Helping people should be top priority over making money. Human services are about helping the people in our communities in need of services. The mission statement: To support and develop programs through education to teach how to live with the daily changes, and to strengthen family ties. We have to let them know they can count on us for understanding and support. This will support the ethical system by keeping the respect and dignity of our clients, supporting them in their time of need, and giving the family the support that is needed to face the day-to-day heartache that comes with watching your loved one suffer. The message that this mission statement will put out in the community is we will be there for them. We will not turn them away when the need is there. We have let the community know they can count on us to provide the necessary services to their loved ones, and also help them through a difficult time. Coping with this disease is not an easy thing to do. The services that will be provided will help the families understand  that this does not have to be a burden, and will help them to know that their loved one is getting the necessary care and love to help them in the progression of this disease. Having an ethical leader in the organization will help to have ethical social workers. Having a leader that is respected and trusted in the community will benefit the organization as well as the community and clients. The organization is only as good as its leaders. Our values in the organization will be: Commitment to the public, commitment to superior service and to maintain the publicâ₠¬â„¢s trust, and respect. Having empathy for our clients and their families, dignity and self-worth of all that seek help, and the importance of human relationships. Respecting the diversity of our clients and their families at all times, and we will not discriminate against anyone for any reason. Treating our clients with the dignity and respect that every human being is entitled to is what can be expected when they walk through the door. This helps support the vision that the organization has for its future. To have our clients and their families living with dignity and having control over a terrible disease, to have the community see and know that our clients receive the services to have as happy a life as possible. The staff will be highly trained in the area of Alzheimer’s to assist, and care for our clients, and be there to help the families with all the means available to the organization. We can put all this into action within the organization, and this will benefit the clients and community as well as the employees. We need an ethical leader who can set an example for the employees. The leader will need to always show their leadership with the ethics that we want to have within the organization. This will help teach the employees how to behave and always keep the mission in mind and work toward the vision that the organization has for the community and the clients. Abiding by the ethics laws and the hum an service laws will help with the code of conduct that is expected of all employees in the organization. According to Statement of values and code of ethics for nonprofit and philanthropic organizations (2004) â€Å"going through the process with the board and staff also begins to infuse into the culture of the organization recognition of how important it is to address issues of values and ethics on an ongoing basis†. All the employees need to be involved with the process so they fully understand what is expected of their behavior in the organization every day. When difficult situations arise with clients all  employees will handle the situation the same way, and make sure that the client has their needs met in an ethical and respectful way. Social workers have a code of ethics that are an important part of the job. According to NASW (2013) â€Å"social workers have an ethical responsibility to their clients, self-determination, competence, social diversity, privacy and confidentiality†. All laws will be posted around the organization so they will be seen daily and keep the mission in the minds of the employees daily. Our clients will respect the organization and the employees for always using ethical conduct and fairness when it concerns helping them find the right services that work. If more services are needed than we have to offer the clients they can have peace knowing they will be sent to an ethical place to have the services needed that will work together with what we offer the clients. When a social worker in the organizati on as not conducted themselves in an ethical way, and has caused problems will be reprimanded. The client’s dignity comes first in the organization. Dealing with a disease that has no cure is devastating to the family, and it is a horrific disease for the client to deal with. Having caring people treating them with love and respect makes a big difference in their world. Offering as much assistance as we can by the programs we have and services we offer will make a big difference in their day-to-day routine. Letting them know they are not alone, and we will be there to make it a bit easier to get through. References: Statement of values and code of ethics for nonprofit and philanthropic organizations. (2004). Retrieved from http://www.ncdsv.org/images/ NASW. (2013). Retrieved from http://www.socialworkers.org/pubs/cod

Graphic Organizers in Special Ed Classrooms

Graphic Organizers in Special Ed Classrooms Special education students often need support in organizing their thoughts and completing multi-stage tasks. Children with sensory processing issues, autism or dyslexia can easily become overwhelmed by the prospect of writing a short essay or even answering questions about material they have read. Graphic organizers  can be effective ways to  help typical and atypical learners alike. The visual presentation is a unique way to show students the material they are learning, and can appeal to those who are not auditory learners. They also make it easy for you as a teacher to assess and understand their thinking skills. How to Choose a Graphic Organizer Find a graphic organizer thats best suited to the lesson youll teach. Below are typical examples of graphic organizers, along with with links to PDFs that you can print out. KWL Chart   KWL stands for know, want to know and learn. Its an easy-to-use chart that helps students brainstorm information for essay questions or reports. Use it before, during and after the lesson to allow students to measure their success. Theyll be amazed by how much theyve learned. Venn Diagram Adapt this mathematical diagram to highlight similarities between two things. For back to school, use it to talk about how two students spent their summer vacations. Or, turn it upside down and use the kinds of vacations- camping, visiting grandparents, going to the beach- to identify students who have things in common. Double Cell Venn Also known as a double bubble chart, this Venn diagram is adapted to describe the similarities and differences in characters in a story. Its designed to help students compare and contrast. Concept Web You may have hear concept webs called story maps. Use them to help students break down the components of a story they have read. Use an organizer to track elements such as the characters, setting, problems or solutions. This is a particularly adaptable organizer.   For example, put a character in the center and use it to map the attributes of the character. A problem in the plot can be in the center, with the different ways characters try to solve the problem. Or simply label the center beginning and have the students list the premise of the story: where it takes place, who are the characters, when is the action of the story set.   Sample Agenda Type List For children for whom remaining at task is an ongoing problem, dont underestimate the simple effectiveness of an agenda. Laminate a copy and have her affix it to her desk. For an extra boost to visual learners, use images to augment the words on the planner. (This one can help teachers, too!)

3 Types of Not Only . . . But Also Errors

3 Types of Not Only . . . But Also Errors 3 Types of â€Å"Not Only . . . But Also† Errors 3 Types of â€Å"Not Only . . . But Also† Errors By Mark Nichol Confusion about the proper arrangement of words in sentences in which the correlative conjunctions â€Å"not only† and â€Å"but also† appear is manifested in various forms of erroneous syntax. The following sentences, accompanied by discussion and corrected versions, demonstrate three categories of mistaken sentence construction. 1. â€Å"Digital cameras are not only changing photography, but our lives.† The placement of â€Å"not only† here implies that the sentence will refer both to changing and to some other action that will occur because of the existence of digital cameras. (For example, â€Å"Digital cameras are not only changing photography but also altering our culture’s norms about privacy.†) But because changing is the operative verb for both parts of the comparison, it should precede â€Å"not only† and should be shadowed by also after the conjunction: â€Å"Digital cameras are changing not only photography but also our lives.† 2. â€Å"His hard work in math class has not only helped him make the most of his abilities but also to gradually improve them.† The phrase â€Å"not only† is misplaced in this sentence it should follow the verb phrase â€Å"has helped,† rather than be inserted between the two words which is also complicated by an extraneous use of to before the phrase â€Å"gradually improve them.† That placement would be appropriate only if it matched a to inserted before â€Å"make the most of his abilities.† But to following a form of help and a noun or pronoun is unnecessary: â€Å"His hard work in math class has helped him not only make the most of his abilities but also gradually improve them.† 3. â€Å"I think of her both as an example of someone who does her work with care and pride but also as someone who treats others respectfully.† This sentence mixes two phrasing forms for making comparisons: â€Å"both . . . and† and â€Å"not only . . . but also.† For the sentence to make sense, use one or the other: â€Å"I think of her both as an example of someone who does her work with care and pride and as someone who treats others respectfully† or â€Å"I think of her not only as an example of someone who does her work with care and pride but also as someone who treats others respectfully.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:How to Punctuate References to Dates and TimesPeople versus Persons50 Plain-Language Substitutions for Wordy Phrases

Alcaligenes faecalis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Alcaligenes faecalis - Research Paper Example It is found in the alimentary tract as a harmless saprophyte in 5% to 19% of the normal population. This organism does not usually cause systemic infection. Alcaligenes faecalis has been reported to cause â€Å"sepsis, meningitis, peritonitis, enteric fever, appendicitis, cystitis, chronic suppurative otitis media, abscesses, arthritis, pneumonitis, and endocarditis† (Kavuncuoglu et al 118). Because Alcaligenes faecalis is resistant to commonly used antibiotics, the organism is associated with fatal outcomes. Thesis Statement: The purpose of this paper is to investigate Alcaligenes faecalis, and examine various aspects of the organism, its morphology and effects. Taxonomy, Morphology and Functions of Alcaligenes faecalis Hans Riemann and Dean O. Cliver argue that food borne diseases are increasing because of accelerated globalization of food supply, and emphasize the importance of finding new ways of detecting and identifying foodborne pathogens, and the elimination of food-re lated infections and intoxications. â€Å"Alcaligenes faecalis is a Gram-negative, oxidase-positive, and catalase-positive microorganism shaped in the form of a rod, coccal-rod or coccal† (Riemann and Cliver 343). The obligate aerobic bacterium moves with the help of peritrichous flagella, usually eight in number, but may occasionally be up to twelve. Some strains of the microorganism are capable of anaerobic respiration in the presence of nitrate or nitrite (Riemann and Cliver 343). Alcaligenes faecalis generally exists singly, and has a size of 0.5 – 1.0 x 0.5 – 2.6 um. The organism grows optimally at a temperature range of 20-370C. Although not considered as a major food-borne pathogen, it has caused occasional food-borne outbreaks with the typical symptoms of abdominal pain, headache, vomiting and diarrhoea. Further, â€Å"A. faecalis is an important food spoilage bacterium† ((Riemann and Cliver 344). Besides soil and water, the organism has been isol ated from various sources such as medical specimens including body fluids and body waste matter, and from nematodes and insects. Some species of A. faecalis are commonly found in the intestinal tracts of vertebrates (Riemann and Cliver 344). The scientific classification of Alcaligenes faecalis (Vasanthakumari 335) is as follows: Kingdom: Bacteria Phylum: Proteobacteria Class: Beta Proteobacteria Order: Burkholderiales Family: Alcaligenaceae Genus: Alcaligenes Species: Alcaligenes faecalis (Vasanthakumari 335) Fig.1. White, Glistening Colonies of Alcaligenes faecalis on Blood Agar (Herrera, 2012) Paul G. Engelkirk and Janet L. Duben-Engelkirk observe that identification of Gram staining Alcaligenes faecalis and CDC Alcaligenes – like group 1 reveals that they cannot be differentiated from other non-fermenters. They have similar cellular morphology, and are motile by peritrichous flagella. The colonial morphology reveals that A. faecalis produces white colonies with a thin, sp reading, irregular edge (Fig.1). Older colonies, as shown in the illustration above â€Å"tend to spread at the periphery and turn the agar a green-apple color† ((Engelkirk and Duben-Engelkirk 332). James T. Staley, Don J. Brenner, Noel R. Krieg and co-authors observe that the type subspecies faecalis of the Species Alcaligenes faecalis contains the type strain of the species. Its morphological characteristics are the same as those of the Genus Alcaligenes. Colonies of the organism on nutrient agar range in

Argumentative Thesis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Argumentative Thesis - Essay Example In my thesis, I shall analyze the definitive reasons as to why in ACL surgeries, surgeons should opt for an autograft from the patient’s own body tissues over an allograft where the tissue is obtained from a cadaver. Anterior crucial ligament reconstruction surgery is among the most common orthopedic surgeries that are performed. Like all other surgeries, it does have its own drawbacks. In The X Factor: Why Female Athletes Have a Higher Rate of ACL Injury Than Their Male Counterparts, Washington (2012) says that â€Å"six to 18 months of rehab, a missed competitive season and all the pain and suffering that go along with that† which are some of the things that the patient needs to cope up with post-surgery. Tearing of the anterior cruciate ligament is a fairly common case especially among sports people. The surge in injuries called for good surgical options to rescue people from the trauma and help them lead a normal life later on. ACL surgery and its efficacy have led to an increase in the numbers of patients’ opting for it. Orthopedic surgeons have a choice between using an allograft or an autograft for the reconstruction surgery. Presently, most surgeons opt for an autograft, ta king tissue from the patient’s own patellar tendon over an allograft taken from a cadaver donor. However, since an autograft have had some drawbacks too in spite of its success, some surgeons also opt for an allograft. For example, using an allograft prevents graft site morbidity in the patient but allografts too have their own drawbacks. Now, I shall discuss why an autograft is a better choice than an allograft. One of primary reasons of opting for an autograft over an allograft is the fear of probable disease transmission. According to The Mail on Sunday (2011) â€Å"The only potential complication is being infected by a virus from donor tissue† (p.25) the chances of which