Tuesday, December 31, 2019

Forensic Anthropology - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1068 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/09/20 Category History Essay Type Argumentative essay Tags: Scientific Essay Did you like this example? Forensic Anthropology Theme: A forensic anthropologist examines the skeletal remains which makes significant contributions to an investigation. Forensic anthropology is the application of the science of physical anthropology to the legal process. The identification of skeletal, badly decomposed, or otherwise unidentified human remains is important for both legal and humanitarian reasons. Forensic anthropologists apply standard scientific techniques developed in physical anthropology to identify human remains, and to assist in the detection of crime. The science of forensic anthropology includes archaeological excavation; examination of hair, insects, plant materials and footprints; determination of elapsed time since death; facial reproduction; photographic superimposition; detection of anatomical variants; and analysis of past injury and medical treatment. Forensic anthropologists work to suggest the age, sex, ancestry, stature, and unique features of a decedent from the skeleton. For example, when a skeleton found in a wooded area is brought to a morgue or an anthropologists laboratory for examination, the first step is to determine whether the remains are human, animal, or inorganic material. If human, an anthropologist then attempts to estimate age at death, racial affiliation, sex, and stature of the decedent. Although the primary task of anthropologists is to establish the identity of a decedent, increasingly they provide expert opinion on the type and size of weapons used and the number of blows sustained by victims of violent crime. It should be noted, however, that forensic pathologists or related experts in forensic medicine determine the cause or manner of death, not the forensic anthropologist. Most anthropologists have advanced degrees in anthropology and have examined hundreds of remains. They are also thoroughly familiar with human anatomy and how it varies in different populations. Some anthropologists may also have experience i n police science or medicine, as well as in serology, toxicology, firearms and tool marks identification, crime scene investigation, handling of evidence, and photography. A limited number of anthropologists deal with footprint analysis and species identification of carrion insects in relation to estimating time elapsed since death. A forensic anthropologist makes significant contributions to an investigation. The greatest of these could well be the anthropologists intensive training and experience in distinguishing between human and nonhuman remains, determining age at death, racial affiliation, sex, stature, elapsed time since death, skeletal trauma, post-mortem damage and alteration of the skeleton, and establishing positive identification based on skeletal and dental evidence. Such information can be obtained from complete bodies or those partially destroyed by burning, air crashes, intentional mutilation and dismemberment, explosions, or other mass disasters. In fact, a f orensic anthropologist is now an integral member of most mass disaster teams. Through their anthropological training, most forensic anthropologists have knowledge of excavation techniques and mapping that are invaluable in recovering evidence. Consequently, the forensic anthropologist should participate in the investigation of the crime scene and, especially, in the recovery of human skeletal remains. The question of racial affiliation is difficult to answer because, although racial classification has some biological components, it is based primarily on social affiliation. Nevertheless, some anatomical details, especially in the face, often suggest the individuals race. In particular, white individuals have narrower faces with high noses and prominent chins. Black individuals have wider nasal openings and sub nasal grooves. American Indians and Asians have forward-projecting cheekbones and specialized dental features. Examination of this skeleton reveals traits consistent with white racial affiliation. Further examination of the skull produces a few strands of straight blonde hair. Microscopic examination shows the hair to be consistent with that of a white person. Usually, examination of the pubic bone, sacroiliac joint, amount of dental wear, cranium, arthritic changes in the spine, and microscopic studies of bones and teeth narrows the age estimate given by the anthropologist. After examining the skeleton, these indicators suggest that the man was between 35 and 45 years of age at the time of death. Estimation of stature can be narrowed by measuring one or more complete long bones, preferably a femur or tibia. If stature estimates are based on incomplete long bones, less confidence can be placed in them. This measurement of the maximum length of the bone can then be plugged into a formula based on race and sex to produce an estimate. In this case the individuals stature was estimated at 57 to 59 with a mean stature of 58. Estimating the time inter val since death can be extremely difficult. For the most part, such an estimate is based on the amount and condition of soft tissue, such as muscle, skin, and ligaments present, the preservation of the bones, extent of associated plant root growth, odor, and any carnivore and insect activity. However, many other variables must also be considered, including the temperature at the time of death, penetrating wounds, humidity/aridity, soil acidity, and water retention. The longer the time since death, the more difficult it is to determine the time interval since death. In this hypothetical example, the anthropologist determined that the individual died 6 to 9 months previously, based largely on the condition of the soft tissue and the amount of root growth in the individuals clothing. After the dirt and forest debris were removed from the bones using water and a soft brush, a number of faint cuts became visible in the left ribs and the mid-back. The number of discrete cuts in thre e ribs and in one vertebra suggest that this male was stabbed a minimum of three times. No additional evidence of trauma was noted. Further examination revealed that the male sustained a fracture above his right eye and upper jaw bone at least several years before death. The individual also had a severely deviated nasal septum and presented evidence of a severe chronic nasal infection. This observation is noteworthy because if he sought medical help for the fractures or sinus condition, photo images may have been taken that would provide an excellent opportunity for positive identification. Forensic anthropologists have much to contribute to law enforcement and would welcome the opportunity to assist in the successful resolution of an investigation. They work to suggest the age, sex, ancestry, stature, and unique features of a decedent from the skeleton. They are now an integral member of most mass disaster teams. Through their anthropological training, most forensic anthropol ogists have knowledge of excavation techniques and mapping that are invaluable in recovering evidence. Consequently, they should participate in the investigation of the crime scene and, especially, in the recovery of human skeletal remains. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Forensic Anthropology" essay for you Create order

Monday, December 23, 2019

New Wave Of Illegal Immigration Essay - 1304 Words

The facts aren’t known because the media won’t report on them,† Donald Trump declared during his immigration speech in Phoenix on Wednesday. A few hours earlier, the Republican nominee had been in Mexico City, where he had held a joint press conference with the Mexican President, Enrique Peà ±a Nieto, and lauded Mexican-Americans as â€Å"amazing people . . . just beyond reproach.† In Phoenix, flanked by American flags, he struck a different tone. Trump warned the crowd that if Clinton were elected, America would be inundated by a new wave of illegal immigration that would result in â€Å"thousands of more violent, horrible crimes, and total chaos and lawlessness.† Again and again in his Presidential campaign, Trump has issued sweeping assertions about how immigrants are â€Å"bringing crime† to America. Wednesday offered only the latest, and loudest, example. Examining these claims is instructive, not for what they tell us about Trump but for what they reveal about immigrants, whose relationship to crime is greatly misunderstood. If you live in a city that has become less dangerous in recent decades, a growing body of evidence suggests that you actually have immigrants to thank. When Trump kicked off his campaign, last year, he accused Mexico of sending â€Å"rapists† and criminals to America. This was a patently outrageous claim, and there was no evidence behind it. According to Robert Sampson, a sociologist at Harvard and the former scientific director of the Project on Human Development inShow MoreRelatedIllegal Immigration And The United States1664 Words   |  7 PagesAccording to a new Pew Research Center estimate, there were 11.3 million unauthorized immigrants living in the U.S. in March 2013 (Pew Research Center, 2014), and there might be even more since many of them decide not to share any personal information to these types of organizations, such as the Census. The main reason for this presumption is that they fear of being deported back to their birth countries. Many other studies have shown that the number of unauthorized immigrants or â€Å"aliens† (as manyRead MoreImmigration Policies During Mexican Immigration Across The Border From The Mid 20th Century Into The 21st Century1627 Words   |  7 Pages To what extent have United States immigration policies contributed to the fluctuating trends in Mexican immigration across the border from the mid-20th century into the 21st century? Alejandra Estrada Professor Sarah Lischer POL 251 To what extent have United States immigration policies contributed to the fluctuating trends in Mexican immigration across the border from the mid-20th century into the 21st century? This report is centralized around two main arguments. The first argumentRead MoreAnalysis Of The Article Mexico 915 Words   |  4 Pagesfour waves of immigration. The following article describes about presidential candidate Donald Trump’s proposal for building a wall along US – Mexico border. During the first great wave of immigration which was in 1910, Mexicans crossed US borders in small numbers which was around 1.5 million people. Civil wars in Mexico caused people to migrate. Most of them entered through Texas towns and cities. Some people who wanted to formalize their status paid some amount of money at the immigration stationRead MoreUndocumented Immigrants And Illegal Immigration1016 Words   |  5 Pages Immigration When it comes to talking about undocumented immigrants, it can become a touchy subject. Everyone has their own beliefs when conversing about this matter. â€Å"The Center’s preliminary estimate of the unauthorized immigrant population in 2016 is 11.3 million† ( Pew Research Center). And with that, note that number increases every year. The list of liabilities when it comes to entering the United States illegally is outrageous. With this fact, it encourages illegal activityRead MoreThe Immigration Of The United States1632 Words   |  7 Pagesquestion, many people face different challenges in life, and this just might have been what pushed the French and European to settle in the New World. Since the colonial era, America has seen a wave of immigrants migrate in search of freedom and equality. Is this the same immigration today? Nearly 11.6 million immigrants from Mexico reside in the U.S. Today Immigration has a significant impact on many aspects of life in the United States, from the workforce and the classroom to communities across the countryRead MoreThe Immigration Of The United States1628 Words   |  7 PagesHistory of Immigration Most people think to themselves â€Å"why immigrate?† Although there are multiple answers to this question, many people face different challenges in life, and this just might have been what pushed the French and European to settle in the New World. Since the colonial era, America has seen a wave of immigrants migrate in search of freedom and equality. Is this the same immigration today? Nearly 11.6 million immigrants from Mexico reside in the U.S. Today Immigration has a significantRead MoreIllegal Immigration Speech Essay765 Words   |  4 Pages I’m against the millions of illegal immigrants that come to the U.S. and cause trouble and make things harder for the legal immigrants that are already here. Illegal immigrants have long been a problem in the United States, and there have always been so many controversies about illegal immigration Today, I would like to inform you about the serious problems illegal immigration could cause. First, by giving you all the facts, and by explaining how illegal immigration, if continued, will affect ourRead MoreMexican Immigration And The United States1676 Words   |  7 PagesMexican immigration to the United States began in the 1900’s, characterized as a series of waves that reflected the labor demands in the U.S and political and economic unrest in Mexico. (Citation pending) AND IN ORDER TO UNDERSTAND THE POINT OF THIS PAPER IT IS IMPORTANT TO FIRST GET FAMILIAR WITH LABOR, SOCIAL, AND POLITICAL HISTORY OF MEXICANS IN THE U.S. The first occurring prior to World War II, where the immigrated population rose from 221,915 in 1910 to 641,462 in 1930, according to the 1933Read MoreThe Media And The Issue Of Illegal Immigration777 Words   |  4 Pages Paper #1: Discuss how the different media outlets frame the issue of illegal immigration? It is commonly known that media coverage of anything controversial can be faulty, and biased. ABC News and CCN News could cover the same story, in different ways. This is amplified in cases that affect different audiences (as in age, race, financial class), because certain stations are aimed towards a certain audience. A great example of this is FOX and FOX Latino. The two stations, though sister stationsRead MoreWhy Immigration Is Responsible For Crime Essay1586 Words   |  7 PagesIn what ways could immigration lead to higher levels of crime? Explain whether, or under what circumstances, it does. People migrate for various reason, such as working, studying and asylum seeking. In 2014, OECD data display the inflow of foreign population to the UK is 504,000; US has 1,016518; Canada has 260,411. It is a double-edged sword – productive immigrants contribute to the economic growth of the country and do not threaten the welfare of the natives. On the contrary, if the immigrants

Sunday, December 15, 2019

The Effects of Technology on Modern Life Free Essays

Television has truly changed the lives of most people in Britain. Nearly all British households have at least one colour television. The amount of time people spend each day watching TV is increasingly significantly every year. We will write a custom essay sample on The Effects of Technology on Modern Life or any similar topic only for you Order Now In the first three months of 2010 British viewers watched a record of more than four hours of TV a day on average. Some children have become addicted to watching TV and watch it all day when not in school. Referring to Passage B, children will have watched about 25,000 hours of TV by the age of 18. I believe parents need to be stricter with their children and get them involved with sports and clubs to prevent them from watching too much TV or playing games indoors. A lot of the programs on TV today including Big Brother, The only way is Essex, etc, are reality programmes that are meaningless to our everyday lives. People will do anything to get on TV nowadays! Technology is getting more advanced each day and has taken over our lives. From small fuzzy TV’s with few channels to plasma screen TV’s with hundreds, from writing letters to instantly texting someone on a touch screen phone. These are all amazing advances in technology and have changed people’s lives. Although as it says in Passage B, TV violence contributes to real violence and it influences people into bad language, sex and pain. The Internet has also changed many people lives. In Passage A, it mentions a new technology called VOIP – Voice Over Internet Protocol, so now people can phone there friends, wherever they are, for as long as you want, for absolutely free. I think this is good and bad because all though it is fast and doesn’t cost, people may then spend to much time on their phone, knowing there are no restrictions. There are also many social network sites where you can chat to friends instantly and share personal information. People as young as 10 have an account on these social network sites, which can be highly dangerous. There are pedophiles on these sites that can easily manipulate young kids. The sites try to stop these things from happening but with so many people online, it’s almost impossible to stop them all. Facebook is one of the biggest online social networking sites with over 850million users and over 3000 employees. It is one of the fastest ways to communicate with friends and share personal information. Facebook is the fastest growing social networking site and was created in 2004. You must be 13 or older to have an account on Facebook but there 7.5 million children under 13 with accounts and 5 million under 10, violating the site’s terms of service. Technology is a massive thing in our everyday lives and we use it for almost everything. People can accomplished so many things using technology and it helped companies become more known, millions of people can watch the same thing at once, but its not just TV and Internet. With new technology we can fly jumbo jets around the world, visiting 100’s of different countries each day. Technology has changed massively within the last 20 years, which is very good, but could also be very bad. We need to control how we use technology, especially watching TV and the internet, because it is wasting our lives when they are many things to do and things t accomplish. This is what we have come to. How to cite The Effects of Technology on Modern Life, Essays

Friday, December 6, 2019

School Based Suicide Prevention Programmes -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The School Based Suicide Prevention Programmes? Answer: Introducation Incidents of teenage suicide among Singapore citizens have grabbed significant attention in recent times, entailing the urgent implementation of preventive strategies. The social factors that contribute to increased suicidal tendencies among teenagers in the country are to be addressed adequately if a positive change is to be brought about at the earliest. The present essay discusses how a national wide campaign could be implemented for the promotion of awareness of suicide risk factors among teenagers in Singapore. The paper would also address factors in society that contribute to the increased risk of suicide among the selected population in the country. The suicide rate is an important marker of the health of a nation. It is a notable cause of mortality in youth and adolescents, and it has been noted that suicide has peak prevalence in adolescence in a number of countries. Suicide among teenagers poses a great burden to individuals, their families and society (Chen et al., 2011). The teenage suicide rate in Singapore has drawn the attention of the concerned authorities who are still struggling to find effective and apt strategies that can prevent the nursing prevalence of this issue among the population. Suicides among teenagers have become a significant element of the national healthcare agenda that points out the failure of healthcare bodies to address the concern adequately. The year 2015 saw Singapore make a record of the most number of teen suicides in one and half decade. 27 teenagers had committed suicide in the year 2015, aged between 10 and 19 years. This number was significantly high from 13 teenagers committing suicide in 2014 (Tianjie, 2016). Chia and Chia (2012) pointed out that young adults in Singapore who reach out to suicide prevention agencies cite academic pressure, mental health concerns and social relationships as the maximum source of stress. Individuals who are secretive, and suffer from issues of self-esteem and problem solving skills are at higher risk of attempting suicide. In addition to commonly known causes of stress suffered such as academic and social issues, other emerging factors also contribute to high suicide rates, including cyber bullying. Individuals suffering from mental illness are more likely to commit suicide. Having a negative influence on people both physically and psychologically, the mental health conditions are known to directly contribute to suicidal behaviour. For the past few years, the official bodies governing public health are encouraging people to fight against suicidal tendencies, but suicide prevention has been felt to be more than the creation of awareness. What is needed at th e resent hour is the right conversations about suicide. The lack of sensitivity among the public till now reflects the crucial need for the teenagers to have a better understanding of the risk factors for suicide and the turmoil it brings along. There is a pervasiveness of misconceptions regarding suicide among the society, and thus it is vital to creating a supportive environment for those who are at risk (Chia Chia, 2012). The government of Singapore in collaboration with the different noted public healthcare organisations must come forward to develop, produce and disseminate targeted, safe and effective suicide prevention awareness campaign. The key to raise awareness about the risk factors of suicide among teenagers lies in the suitable combination of national multimedia public service announcements and dissemination of suicide prevention awareness materials (Loh et al., 2012). The national campaign is to be based on five fundamental elements, drawing in from a pool of evidence available on the success of previous similar campaigns of other countries. The campaign is to be implemented following a series of five steps- evaluation of relevant data; review of risk factors of suicide; emphasis on powerful and hopeful messaging; utilisation of effective resources; and empowerment of participants with tools to communicate (Kahn Lester, 2013). The first step of the national campaign would be segmenting the audience and evaluation of suicide risk factors specific for Singapore. Segmenting the audience around age, shared values and cultural backgrounds would be crucial in the development of the campaign. Suicidal attempts, planning and thoughts have been found to be significantly higher among teenagers above the age of 15 years in Singapore. The age group of 15-28 years would be the primary target audience for this campaign. Both the genders would be given equal weight in the campaign as there are negligible differences among male and female when it comes to the suicide rate. It would be equally significant to put the focus on the nuances within the target audience (Kahn Lester, 2013). The second stage would be to review suicide awarningsigns.Extensive research is to be undertaken to highlight the signs of suicidal thoughts that are to be addressed in the first place. Knowing the differences between self-harm, suicidal behaviour and high-risk improve the outreach efforts. In the Singapore context, it has been found that mental disorders, substance abuse and life events equally contribute to suicidal tendencies. The third and successive step would be to emphasise powerful and hopeful messaging. The campaign facilitator has the key responsibility of developing a strong message that can attract the attention of the target audience and compel them to think in the direction as desired. While developing the message, it is necessary to emphasise on the hope of recovery through the messaging. The power of personal and long-standing relationships are to be highlighted in due course. One must avoid reporting that suicide has a key link with any single event. Further, suicide is not to be framed as an inexplicable or is not supposed to be normalised (Kahn Lester, 2013). The fourth and most significant step would be to utilise effective and valuable resources. Sufficient workforce who are skilled and competent would be needed for this purpose who are to exhibit collaboration and leadership (Kahn Lester, 2013). Further, sustained funding is to be made possible by government funding. In addition to finance, human resources would be a significant tangible factor for the ultimate outcome of the campaign. Most important would be however the promotional materials selected. The public service announcements would be done on radios, television, print ads, digital banner advertisements and billboards. Suicide risk factor and impact awareness materials specific for the target group are to be made in the form of posters, brochures and classroom curriculum. Billboard graphics are a good medium for reaching to the audience around the year. Brochures and posters are effective in reaching out to the audience in schools, clinics, and other community settings. Educat ional and interactive programs can be designed for schools. Print advertisement graphics are to be used for distribution to magazines, specifically teen magazines, newspapers and other print publications (Wasserman et al., 2015). Research indicates that specific materials are more effective and have been more successful in the past in other countries in reaching the target audience. Empowering the participants to understand the risk factors for suicide is essential and the last step. The overarching goal of all campaigns rests in the implementation of the plan outlined. With the audience in mind, a slogan is to e created, and outreach materials are to be made. The participants are to be empowered for speaking up and coming forward with their concerns. Further, they are to be taught to respond to the materials appropriately. Participants are also to be equipped with tools for support and help (McKenzie et al., 2016). In conclusion, by exploring the popular trend among Singapore culture to focus on multimedia public service announcements together with the exploitation of the potential of awareness materials, attention can be brought to the issue of high risk of suicide in the country. It is expected that with adequate funding from the government and employment of skilled workforce, the national campaign would be effective in spreading awareness of suicide risk factors among teenagers in Singapore. References Chen, Y. Y., Chien-Chang Wu, K., Yousuf, S., Yip, P. S. (2011). Suicide in Asia: opportunities and challenges.economics reviews,34(1), 129-144. Chia, B. H., Chia, A. (2012). Prevention of suicide in Singapore.Annals of the Academy of Medicine-Singapore,41(9), 375. Kahn, D. L., Lester, D. (2013). Efforts to decriminalize suicide in Ghana, India and Singapore.Suicidology Online,4, 96-104. Loh, C., Tai, B. C., Ng, W. Y., Chia, A., Chia, B. H. (2012). Suicide in young Singaporeans aged 1024 years between 2000 to 2004.Archives of suicide research,16(2), 174-182. McKenzie, J. F., Neiger, B. L., Thackeray, R. (2016).Planning, implementing evaluating health promotion programs: A primer. Pearson. Tianjie, W. (2016). Teen suicides highest in 15 years but overall rate falls: SOS.The Straits Times. Retrieved from https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/teen-suicides-highest-in-15-years-but-overall-rate-falls Wasserman, D., Hoven, C. W., Wasserman, C., Wall, M., management, R., Hadlaczky, G., ... Bobes, J. (2015). School-based suicide prevention programmes: the SEYLE cluster-randomised, controlled trial.The Lancet,385(9977), 1536-1544.